Optimum Tilt Angle and Solar Radiation of Photovoltaic Modules for Gulf Collaboration Council Countries

This article focuses on the optimization of tilt angle for solar panels in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The is a crucial factor that affects amount radiation received by panel. study uses mathematical model to calculate optimal based latitude and longitude location compares results with PVWatts calculator. importance selecting maximizing energy production emphasized. finds calculator are good agreement, except negative angles calculated model. also provides monthly, seasonally, yearly irradiance values GCC countries using It suggests changing 12 times during year can enhance power output 10.9%. show monthly automated has maximum December minimum June, Oman having highest 50.5 lowest -10.58. Kuwait 58.33 -2.75. verified calculator, showing similarity percentage error around 3%. highlights achieve serve as tools optimum panels.